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2486qs?avr?10/06 features ? high-performance, low-power avr ? 8-bit microcontroller ? advanced risc architecture ? 130 powerful instructions ? most single-clock cycle execution ? 32 x 8 general purpose working registers ? fully static operation ? up to 16 mips throughput at 16 mhz ? on-chip 2-cycle multiplier ? nonvolatile program and data memories ? 8k bytes of in-system self-programmable flash endurance: 10,000 write/erase cycles ? optional boot code section with independent lock bits in-system programming by on-chip boot program true read-while-w rite operation ? 512 bytes eeprom endurance: 100,000 write/erase cycles ? 1k byte internal sram ? programming lock for software security ? peripheral features ? two 8-bit timer/counters with se parate prescaler, one compare mode ? one 16-bit timer/counter with separate prescaler, compare mode, and capture mode ? real time counter with separate oscillator ? three pwm channels ? 8-channel adc in tqfp and qfn/mlf package eight channels 10-bit accuracy ? 6-channel adc in pdip package eight channels 10-bit accuracy ? byte-oriented two-wi re serial interface ? programmable serial usart ? master/slave spi serial interface ? programmable watchdog timer with separate on-chip oscillator ? on-chip analog comparator ? special microcontroller features ? power-on reset and programmable brown-out detection ? internal calibrated rc oscillator ? external and internal interrupt sources ? five sleep modes: idle, adc noise re duction, power-save, power-down, and standby ? i/o and packages ? 23 programmable i/o lines ? 28-lead pdip, 32-lead tq fp, and 32-pad qfn/mlf ? operating voltages ? 2.7 - 5.5v (atmega8l) ? 4.5 - 5.5v (atmega8) ? speed grades ? 0 - 8 mhz (atmega8l) ? 0 - 16 mhz (atmega8) ? power consumption at 4 mhz, 3v, 25 c ? active: 3.6 ma ? idle mode: 1.0 ma ? power-down mode: 0.5 a 8-bit with 8k bytes in-system programmable flash atmega8 atmega8l
2 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 pin configurations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 (int1) pd3 (xck/t0) pd4 gnd vcc gnd vcc (xtal1/tosc1) pb6 (xtal2/tosc2) pb7 pc1 (adc1) pc0 (adc0) adc7 gnd aref adc6 avcc pb5 (sck) 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 (t1) pd5 (ain0) pd6 (ain1) pd7 (icp1) pb0 (oc1a) pb1 (ss/oc1b) pb2 (mosi/oc2) pb3 (miso) pb4 pd2 (int0) pd1 (txd) pd0 (rxd) pc6 (reset) pc5 (adc5/scl) pc4 (adc4/sda) pc3 (adc3) pc2 (adc2) tqfp top view 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 (reset) pc6 (rxd) pd0 (txd) pd1 (int0) pd2 (int1) pd3 (xck/t0) pd4 vcc gnd (xtal1/tosc1) pb6 (xtal2/tosc2) pb7 (t1) pd5 (ain0) pd6 (ain1) pd7 (icp1) pb0 pc5 (adc5/scl) pc4 (adc4/sda) pc3 (adc3) pc2 (adc2) pc1 (adc1) pc0 (adc0) gnd aref avcc pb5 (sck) pb4 (miso) pb3 (mosi/oc2) pb2 (ss/oc1b) pb1 (oc1a) pdip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 mlf top view (int1) pd3 (xck/t0) pd4 gnd vcc gnd vcc (xtal1/tosc1) pb6 (xtal2/tosc2) pb7 pc1 (adc1) pc0 (adc0) adc7 gnd aref adc6 avcc pb5 (sck) (t1) pd5 (ain0) pd6 (ain1) pd7 (icp1) pb0 (oc1a) pb1 (ss/oc1b) pb2 (mosi/oc2) pb3 (miso) pb4 pd2 (int0) pd1 (txd) pd0 (rxd) pc6 (reset) pc5 (adc5/scl) pc4 (adc4/sda) pc3 (adc3) pc2 (adc2) note: the large center pad underneath the mlf packages is made of metal and internally connected to gnd. it should be soldered or glued to the pcb to ensure good mechanical stability. if the center pad is left unconneted, the package might loosen from the pcb.
3 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 overview the atmega8 is a low-power cmos 8-bi t microcontroller based on the avr risc architecture. by executing powerful instruct ions in a single clock cycle, the atmega8 achieves throughputs approaching 1 mips per mhz, allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. block diagram figure 1. block diagram internal oscillator oscillator watchdog timer mcu ctrl. & timing oscillator timers/ counters interrupt unit stack pointer eeprom sram status register usart program counter program flash instruction register instruction decoder programming logic spi adc interface comp. interface portc drivers/buffers portc digital interface general purpose registers x y z alu + - portb drivers/buffers portb digital interface portd digital interface portd drivers/buffers xtal1 xtal2 control lines vcc gnd mux & adc agnd aref pc0 - pc6 pb0 - pb7 pd0 - pd7 avr cpu twi reset
4 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 the avr core combines a rich instruction se t with 32 general purpose working registers. all the 32 registers are directly connected to the arithmetic logic unit (alu), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. the resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional cisc microcontrollers. the atmega8 provides the following features : 8k bytes of in-system programmable flash with read-while-w rite capabilities, 5 12 bytes of eeprom, 1k byte of sram, 23 general purpose i/o lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial program- mable usart, a byte oriented two-wire se rial interface, a 6-channel adc (eight channels in tqfp and qfn/mlf packages) with 10-bit accuracy, a programmable watchdog timer with internal o scillator, an spi serial port, and five software selectable power saving modes. the idle mode stops the cpu while allowing the sram, timer/counters, spi port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. the power- down mode saves the register contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. in power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowi ng the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. the adc noise reduction mode stops the cpu and all i/o modules except asynchronous timer and adc, to minimize switching noise during adc conversions. in standby mode, the crysta l/resonator oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. this allows very fast start-up co mbined with low-power consumption. the device is manufactured using atmel?s high density non-volatile memory technology. the flash program memory can be reprogrammed in-system through an spi serial interface, by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an on-chip boot program running on the avr core. the boot program can use any interface to download the application program in the application fl ash memory. software in the boot flash section will continue to run while the appl ication flash section is updated, providing true read-while-write operation. by combin ing an 8-bit risc cpu with in-system self- programmable flash on a monolithic chip, the atmel atmega8 is a powerful microcon- troller that provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. the atmega8 avr is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools, including c compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, in-cir- cuit emulators, and evaluation kits. disclaimer typical values contained in this datasheet are based on simulations and characteriza- tion of other avr microcontrollers manufactured on the same process technology. min and max values will be available afte r the device is characterized.
5 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 pin descriptions vcc digital supply voltage. gnd ground. port b (pb7..pb0) xtal1/xtal2/tosc1/tosc2 port b is an 8-bit bi-directional i/o port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). the port b output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. as inputs, port b pi ns that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. the port b pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. depending on the clock selection fuse settings, pb6 can be used as input to the invert- ing oscillator amplifier a nd input to the internal clock operating circuit. depending on the clock selection fuse settings, pb7 can be used as output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. if the internal calibrated rc oscillator is used as chip clock source, pb7..6 is used as tosc2..1 input for the asyn chronous timer/counter2 if the as2 bit in assr is set. the various special features of port b are elaborated in ?alternate functions of port b? on page 58 and ?system clock and clock options? on page 25. port c (pc5..pc0) port c is an 7-bit bi-directional i/o port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). the port c output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. as inputs, port c pi ns that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. the port c pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. pc6/reset if the rstdisbl fuse is programmed, pc6 is used as an i/o pin. note that the electri- cal characteristics of pc6 differ from those of the other pins of port c. if the rstdisbl fuse is unprogrammed, pc6 is used as a reset input. a low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse le ngth will generate a re set, even if the clock is not running. the minimum pulse length is given in table 15 on page 38. shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset. the various special features of port c are elaborated on page 61. port d (pd7..pd0) port d is an 8-bit bi-directional i/o port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). the port d output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. as inputs, port d pi ns that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. the port d pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. port d also serves the functions of various special features of the atmega8 as listed on page 63. reset reset input. a low level on this pin for longer than the minimu m pulse length will gener- ate a reset, even if the clock is not running. the minimum pulse length is given in table 15 on page 38. shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset.
6 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 av cc av cc is the supply voltage pin for the a/d converter, port c (3..0), and adc (7..6). it should be externally connected to v cc , even if the adc is not used. if the adc is used, it should be connected to v cc through a low-pass filter. note that port c (5..4) use digital supply voltage, v cc . aref aref is the analog reference pin for the a/d converter. adc7..6 (tqfp and qfn/mlf package only) in the tqfp and qfn/mlf package, adc7..6 serve as analog inputs to the a/d con- verter. these pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit adc channels.
7 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 resources a comprehensive set of development tools, application notes and datasheets are avail- able for download on http://www.atmel.com/avr.
8 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 register summary address name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 page 0x3f (0x5f) sreg i t h s v n z c 11 0x3e (0x5e) sph ? ? ? ? ? sp10 sp9 sp8 13 0x3d (0x5d) spl sp7 sp6 sp5 sp4 sp3 sp2 sp1 sp0 13 0x3c (0x5c) reserved 0x3b (0x5b) gicr int1 int0 ? ? ? ? ivsel ivce 49, 67 0x3a (0x5a) gifr intf1 intf0 ? ? ? ? ? ?68 0x39 (0x59) timsk ocie2 toie2 ticie1 ocie1a ocie1b toie1 ? toie0 72, 102, 122 0x38 (0x58) tifr ocf2 tov2 icf1 ocf1a ocf1b tov1 ? tov0 73, 103, 122 0x37 (0x57) spmcr spmie rwwsb ? rwwsre blbset pgwrt pgers spmen 213 0x36 (0x56) twcr twint twea twsta twsto twwc twen ? twie 171 0x35 (0x55) mcucr se sm2 sm1 sm0 isc11 isc10 isc01 isc00 33, 66 0x34 (0x54) mcucsr ? ? ? ? wdrf borf extrf porf 41 0x33 (0x53) tccr0 ? ? ? ? ? cs02 cs01 cs00 72 0x32 (0x52) tcnt0 timer/counter0 (8 bits) 72 0x31 (0x51) osccal oscillator calibration register 31 0x30 (0x50) sfior ? ? ? ? acme pud psr2 psr10 58, 75, 123, 193 0x2f (0x4f) tccr1a com1a1 com1a0 com1b1 com1b0 foc1a foc1b wgm11 wgm10 97 0x2e (0x4e) tccr1b icnc1 ices1 ? wgm13 wgm12 cs12 cs11 cs10 100 0x2d (0x4d) tcnt1h timer/counter1 ? counter register high byte 101 0x2c (0x4c) tcnt1l timer/counter1 ? counter register low byte 101 0x2b (0x4b) ocr1ah timer/counter1 ? output compare register a high byte 101 0x2a (0x4a) ocr1al timer/counter1 ? output compare register a low byte 101 0x29 (0x49) ocr1bh timer/counter1 ? output compare register b high byte 101 0x28 (0x48) ocr1bl timer/counter1 ? output compare register b low byte 101 0x27 (0x47) icr1h timer/counter1 ? input capture register high byte 102 0x26 (0x46) icr1l timer/counter1 ? input capture register low byte 102 0x25 (0x45) tccr2 foc2 wgm20 com21 com20 wgm21 cs22 cs21 cs20 117 0x24 (0x44) tcnt2 timer/counter2 (8 bits) 119 0x23 (0x43) ocr2 timer/counter2 output compare register 119 0x22 (0x42) assr ? ? ? ? as2 tcn2ub ocr2ub tcr2ub 119 0x21 (0x41) wdtcr ? ? ? wdce wde wdp2 wdp1 wdp0 43 0x20 (1) (0x40) (1) ubrrh ursel ? ? ? ubrr[11:8] 158 ucsrc ursel umsel upm1 upm0 usbs ucsz1 ucsz0 ucpol 156 0x1f (0x3f) eearh ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eear8 20 0x1e (0x3e) eearl eear7 eear6 eear5 eear4 eear3 eear2 eear1 eear0 20 0x1d (0x3d) eedr eeprom data register 20 0x1c (0x3c) eecr ? ? ? ? eerie eemwe eewe eere 20 0x1b (0x3b) reserved 0x1a (0x3a) reserved 0x19 (0x39) reserved 0x18 (0x38) portb portb7 portb6 portb5 portb4 portb3 portb2 portb1 portb0 65 0x17 (0x37) ddrb ddb7 ddb6 ddb5 ddb4 ddb3 ddb2 ddb1 ddb0 65 0x16 (0x36) pinb pinb7 pinb6 pinb5 pinb4 pinb3 pinb2 pinb1 pinb0 65 0x15 (0x35) portc ? portc6 portc5 portc4 portc3 portc2 portc1 portc0 65 0x14 (0x34) ddrc ? ddc6 ddc5 ddc4 ddc3 ddc2 ddc1 ddc0 65 0x13 (0x33) pinc ? pinc6 pinc5 pinc4 pinc3 pinc2 pinc1 pinc0 65 0x12 (0x32) portd portd7 portd6 portd 5 portd4 portd3 portd2 portd1 portd0 65 0x11 (0x31) ddrd ddd7 ddd6 ddd5 ddd4 ddd3 ddd2 ddd1 ddd0 65 0x10 (0x30) pind pind7 pind6 pind5 pind4 pind3 pind2 pind1 pind0 65 0x0f (0x2f) spdr spi data register 131 0x0e (0x2e) spsr spif wcol ? ? ? ? ? spi2x 131 0x0d (0x2d) spcr spie spe dord mstr cpol cpha spr1 spr0 129 0x0c (0x2c) udr usart i/o data register 153 0x0b (0x2b) ucsra rxc txc udre fe dor pe u2x mpcm 154 0x0a (0x2a) ucsrb rxcie txcie udrie rxen txen ucsz2 rxb8 txb8 155 0x09 (0x29) ubrrl usart baud rate register low byte 158 0x08 (0x28) acsr acd acbg aco aci acie acic acis1 acis0 194 0x07 (0x27) admux refs1 refs0 adlar ? mux3 mux2 mux1 mux0 205 0x06 (0x26) adcsra aden adsc adfr adif adie adps2 adps1 adps0 207 0x05 (0x25) adch adc data register high byte 208 0x04 (0x24) adcl adc data register low byte 208 0x03 (0x23) twdr two-wire serial interface data register 173 0x02 (0x22) twar twa6 twa5 tw a4 twa3 twa2 twa1 twa0 twgce 174
9 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 notes: 1. refer to the usart description for details on how to access ubrrh and ucsrc. 2. for compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. reserved i/o memory addresses should never be written. 3. some of the status flags are cleared by writing a logical one to them. note that the cbi and sbi instructions will operate on all bits in the i/o register, writing a one back into any flag read as set, thus clearing the flag. the cbi and sbi instruction s work with registers 0x00 to 0x1f only. 0x01 (0x21) twsr tws7 tws6 tws5 tws4 tws3 ? twps1 twps0 173 0x00 (0x20) twbr two-wire serial interface bit rate register 171 register summary (continued) address name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 page
10 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 instruction set summary mnemonics operands description operation flags #clocks arithmetic and logic instructions add rd, rr add two registers rd rd + rr z,c,n,v,h 1 adc rd, rr add with carry two registers rd rd + rr + c z,c,n,v,h 1 adiw rdl,k add immediate to word rdh:rdl rdh:rdl + k z,c,n,v,s 2 sub rd, rr subtract two registers rd rd - rr z,c,n,v,h 1 subi rd, k subtract constant from register rd rd - k z,c,n,v,h 1 sbc rd, rr subtract with carry two registers rd rd - rr - c z,c,n,v,h 1 sbci rd, k subtract with carry constant from reg. rd rd - k - c z,c,n,v,h 1 sbiw rdl,k subtract immediate from word rdh:rdl rdh:rdl - k z,c,n,v,s 2 and rd, rr logical and registers rd rd ? rr z,n,v 1 andi rd, k logical and register and constant rd rd ? k z,n,v 1 or rd, rr logical or registers rd rd v rr z,n,v 1 ori rd, k logical or register and constant rd rd v k z,n,v 1 eor rd, rr exclusive or registers rd rd rr z,n,v 1 com rd one?s complement rd 0xff ? rd z,c,n,v 1 neg rd two?s complement rd 0x00 ? rd z,c,n,v,h 1 sbr rd,k set bit(s) in register rd rd v k z,n,v 1 cbr rd,k clear bit(s) in register rd rd ? (0xff - k) z,n,v 1 inc rd increment rd rd + 1 z,n,v 1 dec rd decrement rd rd ? 1 z,n,v 1 tst rd test for zero or minus rd rd ? rd z,n,v 1 clr rd clear register rd rd rd z,n,v 1 ser rd set register rd 0xff none 1 mul rd, rr multiply unsigned r1:r0 rd x rr z,c 2 muls rd, rr multiply signed r1:r0 rd x rr z,c 2 mulsu rd, rr multiply signed with unsigned r1:r0 rd x rr z,c 2 fmul rd, rr fractional multiply unsigned r1:r0 (rd x rr) << 1 z,c 2 fmuls rd, rr fractional multiply signed r1:r0 (rd x rr) << 1 z,c 2 fmulsu rd, rr fractional multiply signed with unsigned r1:r0 (rd x rr) << 1 z,c 2 branch instructions rjmp k relative jump pc pc + k + 1 none 2 ijmp indirect jump to (z) pc z none 2 rcall k relative subroutine call pc pc + k + 1 none 3 icall indirect call to (z) pc znone3 ret subroutine return pc stack none 4 reti interrupt return pc stack i 4 cpse rd,rr compare, skip if equal if (rd = rr) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 cp rd,rr compare rd ? rr z, n,v,c,h 1 cpc rd,rr compare with carry rd ? rr ? c z, n,v,c,h 1 cpi rd,k compare register with immediate rd ? k z, n,v,c,h 1 sbrc rr, b skip if bit in register cleared if (rr(b)=0) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 sbrs rr, b skip if bit in register is set if (rr(b)=1) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 sbic p, b skip if bit in i/o register cleared if (p(b)=0) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 sbis p, b skip if bit in i/o register is set if (p(b)=1) pc pc + 2 or 3 none 1 / 2 / 3 brbs s, k branch if status flag set if (sreg(s) = 1) then pc pc+k + 1 none 1 / 2 brbc s, k branch if status flag cleared if (sreg(s) = 0) then pc pc+k + 1 none 1 / 2 breq k branch if equal if (z = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brne k branch if not equal if (z = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brcs k branch if carry set if (c = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brcc k branch if carry cleared if (c = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brsh k branch if same or higher if (c = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brlo k branch if lower if (c = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brmi k branch if minus if (n = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brpl k branch if plus if (n = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brge k branch if greater or equal, signed if (n v= 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brlt k branch if less than zero, signed if (n v= 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brhs k branch if half carry flag set if (h = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brhc k branch if half carry flag cleared if (h = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brts k branch if t flag set if (t = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brtc k branch if t flag cleared if (t = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brvs k branch if overflow flag is set if (v = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brvc k branch if overflow flag is cleared if (v = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 mnemonics operands description operation flags #clocks
11 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 brie k branch if interrupt enabled if ( i = 1) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 brid k branch if interrupt disabled if ( i = 0) then pc pc + k + 1 none 1 / 2 data transfer instructions mov rd, rr move between registers rd rr none 1 movw rd, rr copy register word rd+1:rd rr+1:rr none 1 ldi rd, k load immediate rd knone1 ld rd, x load indirect rd (x) none 2 ld rd, x+ load indirect and post-inc. rd (x), x x + 1 none 2 ld rd, - x load indirect and pre-dec. x x - 1, rd (x) none 2 ld rd, y load indirect rd (y) none 2 ld rd, y+ load indirect and post-inc. rd (y), y y + 1 none 2 ld rd, - y load indirect and pre-dec. y y - 1, rd (y) none 2 ldd rd,y+q load indirect with displacement rd (y + q) none 2 ld rd, z load indirect rd (z) none 2 ld rd, z+ load indirect and post-inc. rd (z), z z+1 none 2 ld rd, -z load indirect and pre-dec. z z - 1, rd (z) none 2 ldd rd, z+q load indirect with displacement rd (z + q) none 2 lds rd, k load direct from sram rd (k) none 2 st x, rr store indirect (x) rr none 2 st x+, rr store indirect and post-inc. (x) rr, x x + 1 none 2 st - x, rr store indirect and pre-dec. x x - 1, (x) rr none 2 st y, rr store indirect (y) rr none 2 st y+, rr store indirect and post-inc. (y) rr, y y + 1 none 2 st - y, rr store indirect and pre-dec. y y - 1, (y) rr none 2 std y+q,rr store indirect with displacement (y + q) rr none 2 st z, rr store indirect (z) rr none 2 st z+, rr store indirect and post-inc. (z) rr, z z + 1 none 2 st -z, rr store indirect and pre-dec. z z - 1, (z) rr none 2 std z+q,rr store indirect with displacement (z + q) rr none 2 sts k, rr store direct to sram (k) rr none 2 lpm load program memory r0 (z) none 3 lpm rd, z load program memory rd (z) none 3 lpm rd, z+ load program memory and post-inc rd (z), z z+1 none 3 spm store program memory (z) r1:r0 none - in rd, p in port rd pnone1 out p, rr out port p rr none 1 push rr push register on stack stack rr none 2 pop rd pop register from stack rd stack none 2 bit and bit-test instructions sbi p,b set bit in i/o register i/o(p,b) 1none2 cbi p,b clear bit in i/o register i/o(p,b) 0none2 lsl rd logical shift left rd(n+1) rd(n), rd(0) 0 z,c,n,v 1 lsr rd logical shift right rd(n) rd(n+1), rd(7) 0 z,c,n,v 1 rol rd rotate left through carry rd(0) c,rd(n+1) rd(n),c rd(7) z,c,n,v 1 ror rd rotate right through carry rd(7) c,rd(n) rd(n+1),c rd(0) z,c,n,v 1 asr rd arithmetic shift right rd(n) rd(n+1), n=0..6 z,c,n,v 1 swap rd swap nibbles rd(3..0) rd(7..4),rd(7..4) rd(3..0) none 1 bset s flag set sreg(s) 1 sreg(s) 1 bclr s flag clear sreg(s) 0 sreg(s) 1 bst rr, b bit store from register to t t rr(b) t 1 bld rd, b bit load from t to register rd(b) tnone1 sec set carry c 1c1 clc clear carry c 0 c 1 sen set negative flag n 1n1 cln clear negative flag n 0 n 1 sez set zero flag z 1z1 clz clear zero flag z 0 z 1 sei global interrupt enable i 1i1 cli global interrupt disable i 0 i 1 ses set signed test flag s 1s1 cls clear signed test flag s 0 s 1 sev set twos complement overflow. v 1v1 clv clear twos complement overflow v 0 v 1 set set t in sreg t 1t1 mnemonics operands description operation flags #clocks instruction set summary (continued)
12 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 clt clear t in sreg t 0 t 1 seh set half carry flag in sreg h 1h1 clh clear half carry flag in sreg h 0 h 1 mcu control instructions nop no operation none 1 sleep sleep (see specific descr. for sleep function) none 1 wdr watchdog reset (see specific descr. for wdr/timer) none 1 instruction set summary (continued)
13 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 ordering information notes: 1. this device can also be supplied in wafer form. please contact your local atmel sales office for detailed ordering info rmation and minimum quantities. 2. pb-free packaging alternative, complies to the european dire ctive for restriction of hazardous substances (rohs direc- tive). also halide free and fully green. speed (mhz) power supply ordering code package (1) operation range 8 2.7 - 5.5 atmega8l-8ac atmega8l-8pc atmega8l-8mc 32a 28p3 32m1-a commercial (0 c to 70 c) atmega8l-8ai atmega8l-8au (2) atmega8l-8pi ATMEGA8L-8PU (2) atmega8l-8mi atmega8l-8mu (2) 32a 32a 28p3 28p3 32m1-a 32m1-a industrial (-40 c to 85 c) 16 4.5 - 5.5 atmega8-16ac atmega8-16pc atmega8-16mc 32a 28p3 32m1-a commercial (0 c to 70 c) atmega8-16ai atmega8-16au (2) atmega8-16pi atmega8-16pu (2) atmega8-16mi atmega8-16mu (2) 32a 32a 28p3 28p3 32m1-a 32m1-a industrial (-40 c to 85 c) package type 32a 32-lead, thin (1.0 mm) plastic quad flat package (tqfp) 28p3 28-lead, 0.300? wide, plastic dual inline package (pdip) 32m1-a 32-pad, 5 x 5 x 1.0 body, lead pitch 0.50 mm quad flat no-lead/micro lead frame package (qfn/mlf)
14 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 packaging information 32a 2325 orchard parkway san jose, ca 95131 title drawing no. r rev. 32a, 32-lead, 7 x 7 mm body size, 1.0 mm body thickness, 0.8 mm lead pitch, thin profile plastic quad flat package (tqfp) b 32a 10/5/2001 pin 1 identifier 0?~7? pin 1 l c a1 a2 a d1 d e e1 e b notes: 1. this package conforms to jedec reference ms-026, variation aba. 2. dimensions d1 and e1 do not include mold protrusion. allowable protrusion is 0.25 mm per side. dimensions d1 and e1 are maximum plastic body size dimensions including mold mismatch. 3. lead coplanarity is 0.10 mm maximum. a ? ? 1.20 a1 0.05 ? 0.15 a2 0.95 1.00 1.05 d 8.75 9.00 9.25 d1 6.90 7.00 7.10 note 2 e 8.75 9.00 9.25 e1 6.90 7.00 7.10 note 2 b 0.30 ? 0.45 c 0.09 ? 0.20 l 0.45 ? 0.75 e 0.80 typ common dimensions (unit of measure = mm) symbol min nom max note
15 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 28p3 2325 orchard parkway san jose, ca 95131 title drawing no. r rev. 28p3 , 28-lead (0.300"/7.62 mm wide) plastic dual inline package (pdip) b 28p3 09/28/01 pin 1 e1 a1 b ref e b1 c l seating plane a 0o ~ 15o d e eb b2 (4 places) common dimensions (unit of measure = mm) symbol min nom max note a ? ? 4.5724 a1 0.508 ? ? d 34.544 ? 34.798 note 1 e 7.620 ? 8.255 e1 7.112 ? 7.493 note 1 b 0.381 ? 0.533 b1 1.143 ? 1.397 b2 0.762 ? 1.143 l 3.175 ? 3.429 c 0.203 ? 0.356 eb ? ? 10.160 e 2.540 typ note: 1. dimensions d and e1 do not include mold flash or protrusion. mold flash or protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010").
16 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 32m1-a 2325 orchard parkway s an jose, ca 95131 title drawing no. r rev. 3 2m1-a , 32-pad, 5 x 5 x 1.0 mm body, lead pitch 0.50 mm, e 32m1-a 5/25/06 3.10 mm exposed pad, micro lead frame package (mlf) common dimen s ion s (unit of measure = mm) s ymbol min nom max note d1 d e1 e e b a3 a2 a1 a d2 e2 0.08 c l 1 2 3 p p 0 1 2 3 a 0.80 0.90 1.00 a1 ? 0.02 0.05 a2 ? 0.65 1.00 a3 0.20 ref b 0.18 0.23 0.30 d d1 d2 2.95 3.10 3.25 4.90 5.00 5.10 4.70 4.75 4.80 4.70 4.75 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 e e1 e2 2.95 3.10 3.25 e 0.50 b s c l 0.30 0.40 0.50 p ? ? 0.60 ? ? 12 o note: jedec s tandard mo-220, fig. 2 (anvil s ingulation), vhhd-2. top view s ide view bottom view 0 pin 1 id pin #1 notch (0.20 r) k 0.20 ? ? k k
17 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 erratas the revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the atmega8 device. atmega8 rev. d to i ? first analog comparator conversion may be delayed ? interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer ? signature may be erased in serial programming mode ? ckopt does not enable internal capacito rs on xtaln/toscn pins when 32 khz oscillator is used to clock the asynchronous timer/counter2 1. first analog comparator conversion may be delayed if the device is powered by a slow rising v cc , the first analog comparator conver- sion will take longer than ex pected on some devices. problem fix/workaround when the device has been powered or reset, disable then enable theanalog com- parator before the first conversion. 2. interrupts may be lost when writing the timer registers in the asynchronous timer if one of the timer registers which is synchronized to the asynchronous timer2 clock is written in the cycle before a overflow interrupt occurs, the interrupt may be lost. problem fix/workaround always check that the timer2 timer/c ounter register, tcnt2, does not have the value 0xff before writing th e timer2 control register, tccr2, or output compare register, ocr2 3. signature may be erased in serial programming mode if the signature bytes are read before a chiperase command is completed, the sig- nature may be erased causing the device id and calibration bytes to disappear. this is critical, especially, if the part is running on internal rc oscillator. problem fix/workaround: ensure that the chiperase command has exceeded before applying the next command. 4. ckopt does not enable internal capacitors on xtaln/toscn pins when 32 khz oscillator is used to cloc k the asynchronous timer/counter2 when the internal rc oscillator is used as the main clock source, it is possible to run the timer/counter2 asyn chronously by connecting a 32 khz oscillator between xtal1/tosc1 and xtal2/tosc2. but when the internal rc oscillator is selected as the main clock source, the ckopt fuse does not control the internal capacitors on xtal1/tosc1 and xtal2/tosc2. as long as there are no capacitors con- nected to xtal1/tosc1 and xtal2/tosc2, safe operati on of the oscillator is not guaranteed. problem fix/workaround use external capacitors in the range of 20 - 36 pf on xtal1/tosc1 and xtal2/tosc2. this will be fixed in at mega8 rev. g where the ckopt fuse will control internal capacitors also when internal rc oscillator is selected as main clock source. for atmega8 rev. g, ckopt = 0 (programmed) will enable the internal capacitors on xtal1 and xtal2. custom ers who want compatibility between rev. g and older revisions, must ensure that ckopt is unprogrammed (ckopt = 1).
18 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 datasheet revision history please note that the referring page numbers in this section are referred to this docu- ment. the referring revision in this section are referring to the document revision. changes from rev. 2486p- 02/06 to rev. 2486q- 10/06 1. updated ?timer/counter oscillator? on page 32. 2. updated ?fast pwm mode? on page 89. 3. updated code example in ?usart initialization? on page 138. 4. updated table 37 on page 98, table 39 on page 99, table 42 on page 117, table 44 on page 118, and table 98 on page 240. 5. updated ?erratas? on page 17. changes from rev. 2486o-10/04 to rev. 2486p- 02/06 1. added ?resources? on page 7. 2. updated ?external clock? on page 32. 3. updated ?serial peripheral interface ? spi? on page 124. 4. updated code example in ?usart initialization? on page 138. 5. updated note in ?bit rate generator unit? on page 170. 6. updated table 98 on page 240. 7. updated note intable 103 on page 248. 8. updated ?erratas? on page 17. changes from rev. 2486n-09/04 to rev. 2486o-10/04 1. removed to instances of ?analog ground?. replaced by ?ground?. 2. updated table 7 on page 29, table 15 on page 38, and table 100 on page 244. 3. updated ?calibrated internal rc oscillat or? on page 30 with the 1 mhz default value. 4. table 89 on page 225 and table 90 on page 225 moved to new section ?page size? on page 225. 5. updated descripton for bit 4 in ?store program memory control register ? spmcr? on page 213. 6. updated ?ordering information? on page 13. changes from rev. 2486m-12/03 to rev. 2486n-09/04 1. added note to mlf package in ?pin configurations? on page 2. 2. updated ?internal voltage reference characteristics? on page 42. 3. updated ?dc characteristics? on page 242.
19 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 4. adc4 and adc5 support 10-bit accuracy. document updated to reflect this. updated features in ?analog-to-digital converter? on page 196. updated ?adc characteristics? on page 248. 5. removed reference to ?external rc oscillator application note? from ?exter- nal rc oscillator? on page 29. changes from rev. 2486l-10/03 to rev. 2486m-12/03 1. updated ?calibrated internal rc oscillator? on page 30. changes from rev. 2486k-08/03 to rev. 2486l-10/03 1. removed ?preliminary? and tbds from the datasheet. 2. renamed icp to icp1 in the datasheet. 3. removed instructions call and jmp from the datasheet. 4. updated t rst in table 15 on page 38, v bg in table 16 on page 42, table 100 on page 244 and table 102 on page 246. 5. replaced text ?xtal1 and xtal2 should be left unconnected (nc)? after table 9 in ?calibrated internal rc oscillator? on page 30. added text regard- ing xtal1/xtal2 and ckopt fuse in ?timer/counter oscillator? on page 32. 6. updated watchdog timer code examples in ?timed sequences for changing the configuration of the watchdog timer? on page 45. 7. removed bit 4, adhsm, from ?special function io re gister ? sfior? on page 58. 8. added note 2 to figure 103 on page 215. 9. updated item 4 in the ?serial programming algorithm? on page 238. 10. added t wd_fuse to table 97 on page 239 and updated read calibration byte, byte 3, in table 98 on page 240. 11. updated absolute maximum ratings* and dc characteristics in ?electrical characteristics? on page 242. changes from rev. 2486j-02/03 to rev. 2486k-08/03 1. updated v bot values in table 15 on page 38. 2. updated ?adc characteristics? on page 248. 3. updated ?atmega8 typical characteristics? on page 249. 4. updated ?erratas? on page 17. changes from rev. 2486i-12/02 to rev. 2486j-02/03 1. improved the description of ?asynchronous timer clock ? clk asy ? on page 26. 2. removed reference to the ?multipurpos e oscillator? application note and the ?32 khz crystal oscillator? application note, which do not exist.
20 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 3. corrected ocn waveforms in figure 38 on page 90. 4. various minor timer 1 corrections. 5. various minor twi corrections. 6. added note under ?filling the temporary buffer (page loading)? on page 216 about writing to the eeprom during an spm page load. 7. removed adhsm completely. 8. added section ?eeprom write during power-down sleep mode? on page 23. 9. removed xtal1 and xtal2 description on page 5 because they were already described as part of ?port b (pb7..pb0) xtal1/xtal2/tosc1/tosc2? on page 5. 10. improved the table under ?spi timing characteristics? on page 246 and removed the table under ?spi serial programming characteristics? on page 241. 11. corrected pc6 in ?alternate functions of port c? on page 61. 12. corrected pb6 and pb7 in ?alternate functions of port b? on page 58. 13. corrected 230.4 mbps to 230.4 kbps under ?examples of baud rate setting? on page 159. 14. added information about pwm symmetry for timer 2 in ?phase correct pwm mode? on page 113. 15. added thick lines around accessible registers in figure 76 on page 169. 16. changed ?will be ignored? to ?must be written to zero? for unused z-pointer bits under ?performing a page write? on page 216. 17. added note for rstdisbl fuse in table 87 on page 223. 18.updated drawings in ?packaging information? on page 14. changes from rev. 2486h-09/02 to rev. 2486i-12/02 1.added errata for rev d, e, and f on page 17. changes from rev. 2486g-09/02 to rev. 2486h-09/02 1.changed the endurance on the flash to 10,000 write/erase cycles. changes from rev. 2486f-07/02 to rev. 2486g-09/02 1 updated table 103, ?adc characteristics,? on page 248.
21 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 changes from rev. 2486e-06/02 to rev. 2486f-07/02 1 changes in ?digital input enable and sleep modes? on page 55. 2 addition of ocs2 in ?mosi/oc2 ? port b, bit 3? on page 59. 3 the following tables has been updated: table 51, ?cpol and cpha functionality,? on page 132, table 59, ?ucpol bit set- tings,? on page 158, table 72, ?analog comparator multiplexed input (1) ,? on page 195, table 73, ?adc conversion time ,? on page 200, table 75, ?input chan- nel selections,? on page 206, and table 84, ?explanation of different variables used in figure 103 and the mapping to the z-pointer,? on page 221. 5 changes in ?reading the calibration byte? on page 234. 6 corrected errors in cross references. changes from rev. 2486d-03/02 to rev. 2486e-06/02 1 updated some preliminary test limits and characterization data the following tables have been updated: table 15, ?reset characteristics,? on page 38, table 16, ?internal voltage refer- ence characteristics,? on page 42, dc characteristic s on page 242, table , ?adc characteristics,? on page 248. 2 changes in external clock frequency added the description at the end of ?external clock? on page 32. added period changing data in table 99, ?external clock drive,? on page 244. 3 updated twi chapter more details regarding use of the twi bit rate prescaler and a table 65, ?twi bit rate prescaler,? on page 173. changes from rev. 2486c-03/02 to rev. 2486d-03/02 1 updated typical start-up times. the following tables has been updated: table 5, ?start-up times for the crystal oscillator clock selection,? on page 28, table 6, ?start-up times for the low-frequen cy crystal oscillator clock selection,? on page 28, table 8, ?start-up times for the external rc oscillator clock selec- tion,? on page 29, and table 12, ?start-up times for the external clock selection,? on page 32. 2 added ?atmega8 typical characteristics? on page 249. changes from rev. 2486b-12/01 to rev. 2486c-03/02 1 updated twi chapter. more details regarding use of the twi power-down operation and using the twi as master with low twbrr values are added into the datasheet. added the note at the end of the ?bit rate generator unit? on page 170. added the description at the end of ?address match unit? on page 170. 2 updated description of osccal calibration byte. in the datasheet, it was not explained how to take advantage of the calibration bytes for 2, 4, and 8 mhz oscillator select ions. this is now added in the following sections:
22 atmega8(l) 2486qs?avr?10/06 improved description of ?oscillator calibra tion register ? os ccal? on page 31 and ?calibration byte? on page 225. 3 added some preliminary test li mits and characterization data. removed some of the tbd?s in the following tables and pages: table 3 on page 26, table 15 on page 38, table 16 on page 42, table 17 on page 44, ?t a = -40 c to 85 c, v cc = 2.7v to 5.5v (unless otherwise noted)? on page 242, table 99 on page 244, and table 102 on page 246. 4 updated programming figures. figure 104 on page 226 and figure 112 on page 237 are updated to also reflect that av cc must be connected during programming mode. 5 added a description on how to enter parallel pr ogramming mode if reset pin is disabled or if external oscillators are selected. added a note in section ?enter programming mode? on page 228.
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